Metal foams are manufactured by various methods which include foaming of molten metal alloy and powder metallurgical processing. Some non conventional methods have also been developed for the manufacturing of metal foams. Metal foams have many interesting characteristics such as high resistance to deformation (stiffness), low specific gravity (specific weight), high resistance to compression and high energy absorption etc. Because of these characteristics metal foams find wide applications mainly in the field of construction where light weight is required, crash and impact energy absorption and in the field of thermal and sound insulation. Metal foams are cellular structure which consists of solid metal mainly (Aluminium, steels, iron etc) with micro pores filled with gas (hydrogen, carbon di oxide, nitrogen, argon etc). The metal foams are open cell or closed cell in nature. The gas comprises a large part of the volume of metal foam. In this review paper different methods for producing metal foam and their mechanical properties analysis are discussed especially for aluminium foam.

— Earth Observation (EO) is constantly producing large amount of Geospatial data over the last few years which is used in resource monitoring, protection of environment and disaster predictions. The applications like Ground surveying, remote sensing and mobile mapping produces geo-spatial data. The growth of EO data has been a challenge in recent approaches for data management and processing. For Big data scenario Geospatial data are the major contributors. There are various tools for analysis of big data that can support large amount of geospatial big data. The main aim of this paper is to do the comparative analysis of Spatial Hadoop and GeoSpark which are the most popular open source geospatial big data analytical tools and they can be used for observing and processing the geospatial big data in an accurate way. The architectural view of Spatial Hadoop and GeoSpark are also compared in this paper.